A theory that explains the origins of everything should begin with nothing, otherwise it merely describes a transition from one state to another, and is not a theory of everything.
So, the first step to understanding how the Universe began is to define nothingness or absolute zero. What should nothingness look like, and what properties should it have. For, even zero has properties. Zero is the flipside of infinity.
Most people, when trying to imagine nothingness, picture a dark, empty void, or vacuum, stretching to infinity. Fortunately this picture is incorrect, for if this was what nothingness looked like, there would be no Universe today.
In fact, the dimensions of nothingness should not be infinite; they should be zero. This, of course, is impossible to visualise, but what does it mean in the physical sense? It means that all of potential space is compressed into nothing. Unlike a dot on a page, which has the page surrounding it, this dot has the page wrapped around it. There is no centre and there is nothing beyond the singularity. It is infinitely small and boundaryless.
Understanding the singularity is the first step to understanding what happens next and why.
Because nothingness is infinitely compressed, it becomes a solid, a bundle of condensed emptiness. If you were to take an object of finite density and stretch it to infinity, its density would become zero. This is the reverse process, so our singularity is infinitely solid, or dense.
It can also be described as having motion. Because space is infinitely compressed, every point in potential space overlaps. This means that our zero-sized, infinitely dense object is occupying every point in potential space in the same instant, which is the same as saying that it has infinite velocity.
Our object is travelling infinitely fast in every direction and has already reached infinity. It has nowhere to go but out. The result is fragmentation.
When a finite object shatters, it emits fragments that are smaller than itself. When nothingness shatters, it can only produce fragments that when fit together will recreate nothingness. This means that some fragments must be larger (particles) and some fragments must be smaller (antiparticles) than zero.
A particle represents a single point in space that has been stretched to a finite size. Its mass, now distributed across its volume, becomes finite, and so too does its energy, so it no longer has infinite velocity, but is still travelling very fast. Because it has stretched the space that it occupies, it produces anti-gravity.
An antiparticle is less than zero in size. It resembles a particle, but is turned inside out, drawing space through its centre to generate gravity.
The gravitational effect of the antiparticle is stronger than the anti-gravity produced by the particle.
At close range, this gravitational effect produces what is known as the strong force, holding particles together irrespective of their charge.
The electrostatic force:
For the same reason that particles created antiparticles, the energy of the Big Bang, coming essentially from nothing, created in its wake a counter energy called the electrostatic force. This is like a negative time sequence or running a film in reverse.
Unlike traditional physics, which teaches that the exchange of a virtual photon is involved, I believe this force to be non-local. It is the mere presence of a positron in space which attracts the electron, and vice-versa.
The presence of the electrostatic force is greater at close proximity to the particle (or antiparticle). As the particle moves through space, the lines of force move with it and are subject to the same rules of inertia. If the particle stops or slows suddenly, the force field becomes misshapen and then overcompensates as it attempts to regain its shape. This creates a pendulum effect, causing wavelike disturbances in the electromagnetic field.
Because the field represents the degree of presence in a particular region of space, a collision between a wave and a particle is always a “partial” event. In other words, the degree to which the energy of the wave is absorbed by the particle is less than 100%. This causes diffraction into alternate realities, some in which the particle changes course or speed and others in which it does not.
In each individual reality, the wave function appears to collapse, creating the illusion that the photon is also a particle. At the same time the wavelike properties of the photon are transferred to the particle.
The wave function of the particle enables it to form complex structures. In some orbital patterns, the peaks and troughs cancel out (troughs representing negative presence) while others are strengthened and become fixed orbits. Quarks are most likely made of particles and antiparticles that have settled into complex orbital patterns. Their higher mass and weaker charge is an indicator of this.
The Beginning of Time:
There was no time before The Big Bang. The concept of time disappears within the singularity, as time is a property of change. Also, as described above, the explosion occurred immediately, therefore there could be no events preceding it.
